<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article
  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2 20120330//EN" "http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.2/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"
         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
         article-type="research-article"
         dtd-version="1.2"
         xml:lang="en">
   <front>
      <journal-meta>
         <journal-id>ILRS</journal-id>
         <journal-title-group>
            <journal-title>Revista Internacional del Trabajo</journal-title>
            <abbrev-journal-title>Revista Internacional del Trabajo</abbrev-journal-title>
         </journal-title-group>
         <issn pub-type="print">0378-5548</issn>
         <issn pub-type="electronic">1564-9148</issn>
      </journal-meta>
      <article-meta>
         <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/ilrs.12296</article-id>
         <title-group>
            <article-title>Obstáculos a la participación laboral de las mujeres árabes palestinas en Israel</article-title>
         </title-group>
         <contrib-group>
            <contrib contrib-type="author">
               <name name-style="western">
                  <surname>MIAARI</surname>
                  <given-names>Sami H.</given-names>
               </name>
               <email>samimiaari@tauex.tau.ac.il</email>
               <xref ref-type="aff" rid="ilrs12296-aff-0001"/>
            </contrib>
            <contrib contrib-type="author">
               <name name-style="western">
                  <surname>KHATTAB</surname>
                  <given-names>Nabil</given-names>
               </name>
               <email>nabil.khattab@dohainstitute.edu.qa</email>
               <xref ref-type="aff" rid="ilrs12296-aff-0002"/>
            </contrib>
            <contrib contrib-type="author">
               <name name-style="western">
                  <surname>SABBAH‐KARKABI</surname>
                  <given-names>Maha</given-names>
               </name>
               <email>mahasab@bgu.ac.il</email>
               <xref ref-type="aff" rid="ilrs12296-aff-0003"/>
            </contrib>
         </contrib-group>
         <aff id="ilrs12296-aff-0001">Universidad de Tel Aviv</aff>
         <aff id="ilrs12296-aff-0002">Doha Institute</aff>
         <aff id="ilrs12296-aff-0003">Universidad Ben‐Gurión del Neguev</aff>
         <pub-date publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2023-12-02">
            <day>02</day>
            <month>12</month>
            <year>2023</year>
         </pub-date>
         <volume>142</volume>
         <issue>4</issue>
         <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/ilrs.v142.4</issue-id>
         <fpage>639</fpage>
         <lpage>669</lpage>
         <permissions>
            <copyright-statement>© Artículo original, los autores, 2023 © Compilación de la revista y traducción, Organización Internacional del Trabajo, 2023</copyright-statement>
         </permissions>
         <abstract>
            <p>Pese al reciente aumento del nivel de estudios de las mujeres árabes palestinas en Israel, sus tasas de actividad y ocupación siguen siendo inferiores a las de las mujeres judías. En este estudio, basado en datos de la Encuesta de Población Activa y la Encuesta Social de Israel (periodo 1995‐2016), se investiga si este patrón se explica por factores socioeconómicos y demográficos, la religiosidad, los activos de capital humano, la estructura familiar y políticas públicas conexas, y la jubilación anticipada. Se constata que estos factores afectan a la participación de las mujeres árabes palestinas en el mercado laboral, de lo que se extraen algunas recomendaciones de políticas.</p>
         </abstract>
         <kwd-group>Palabras clave<kwd>participación laboral</kwd>
            <kwd>mujeres árabes palestinas</kwd>
            <kwd>políticas públicas</kwd>
            <kwd>género</kwd>
            <kwd>origen étnico</kwd>
            <kwd>religiosidad</kwd>
            <kwd>jubilación anticipada</kwd>
            <kwd>Israel</kwd>
         </kwd-group>
         <counts>
            <fig-count count="0"/>
            <table-count count="0"/>
            <word-count count="2570"/>
         </counts>
      </article-meta>
   </front>
   <body>
      <sec id="ilrs12296-sec-0010">
         <p> </p>
      </sec>
   </body>
   <back>
      <ref-list>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0001">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0001" publication-type="journal">Abdelhadi, Eman. 2017. «Religiosity and Muslim Women's Employment in the United States». <source>Socius 
        </source>3 (enero-diciembre). <ext-link xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1177/2378023117729969">https://doi.org/10.1177/2378023117729969</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0002">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0002" publication-type="journal">Abu-Baker, Khawla. 2002. «“Career Women” or “Working Women”? Change versus Stability for Young Palestinian Women in Israel». <source>Journal of Israeli History 
        </source>21 (1-2): 85–109.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0003">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0003" publication-type="book">Abu-Baker, Khawla. 2016. «Gender Policy in Family and Society among Palestinian Citizens of Israel: Outside and Inside Influences». En Handbook of Israel: Major Debates, editado por EliezerBen-Rafael, Julius H.Schoeps, YitzhakSternberg y OlafGlöckner, 453–474. Berlín: De Gruyter Oldenburg.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0004">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0004" publication-type="other">Almagor-Lotan, Orly. 2010. <source>«Ocupación de las mujeres árabes en el sector académico» [en hebreo] 
        </source>. Jerusalén: Knesset Research and Information Center. <ext-link xlink:href="https://fs.knesset.gov.il/globaldocs/MMM/af4d6b58-e9f7-e411-80c8-00155d010977/2_af4d6b58-e9f7-e411-80c8-00155d010977_11_9176.pdf">https://fs.knesset.gov.il/globaldocs/MMM/af4d6b58-e9f7-e411-80c8-00155d010977/2_af4d6b58-e9f7-e411-80c8-00155d010977_11_9176.pdf</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0005">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0005" publication-type="journal">Becker, Gary S.1965. «A Theory of the Allocation of Time». <source>Economic Journal 
        </source>75 (299): 493–517.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0006">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0006" publication-type="journal">Bloemen, Hans, y Adriaan S.Kalwij. 2001. «Female Labor Market Transitions and the Timing of Births: A Simultaneous Analysis of the Effects of Schooling». <source>Labour Economics 
        </source>8 (5): 593–620.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0007">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0007" publication-type="journal">Blundell, Richard, ThomasMaCurdy y CostasMeghir. 2007. «Labor Supply Models: Unobserved Heterogeneity, Nonparticipation and Dynamics». En <source>Handbook of Econometrics 
        </source>, editado por James J. Heckman y Edward E. Leamer, vol. 6 (parte A), 4667–4775. Amsterdam: North-Holland.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0008">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0008" publication-type="journal">Cinamon, Rachel Gali, HalahHabayib y MargalitZiv. 2016. «The Conception of Work and Higher Education among Israeli Arab Women». <source>International Journal of Educational Research 
        </source>76:129–140.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0009">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0009" publication-type="journal">Connor, Phillip, y MatthiasKoenig. 2015. «Explaining the Muslim Employment Gap in Western Europe: Individual-Level Effects and Ethno-religious Penalties». <source>Social Science Research 
        </source>49 (enero): 191–201.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0010">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0010" publication-type="journal">Dahl, Svenn-Åge, Øivind AntiNilsen y KjellVaage. 2003. «Gender Differences in Early Retirement Behaviour». <source>European Sociological Review 
        </source>19 (2): 179–198.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0011">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0011" publication-type="book">Duncan, Brian, V. JosephHotz y Stephen J.Trejo. 2006. «Hispanics in the U.S. Labor Market». En Hispanics and the Future of America, editado por MartaTienda y FaithMitchell, 228–290. Washington: National Academies Press.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0012">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0012" publication-type="journal">Ernst Stähli, Michèle, Jean-MarieLe Goff, RenéLevy y EricWidmer. 2009. «Wishes or Constraints? Mothers' Labour Force Participation and its Motivation in Switzerland». <source>European Sociological Review 
        </source>25 (3): 333–348.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0013">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0013" publication-type="journal">England, Paula. 2005. «Gender Inequality in Labor Markets: The Role of Motherhood and Segregation». <source>Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society 
        </source>12 (2): 264–288.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0014">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0014" publication-type="journal">Finch, Naomi. 2014. «Why Are Women More Likely than Men to Extend Paid Work? The Impact of Work–Family Life History». <source>European Journal of Ageing 
        </source>11 (1): 31–39.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0015">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0015" publication-type="book">Flippen, Chenoa A.2005. «Minority Workers and Pathways to Retirement». En The New Politics of Old Age Policy, editado por Robert B.Hudson, 129–157. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0016">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0016" publication-type="journal">Greenlees, Clyde S., y RogelioSaenz. 1999. «Determinants of Employment of Recently Arrived Mexican Immigrant Wives». <source>International Migration Review 
        </source>33 (2): 354–377.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0017">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0017" publication-type="journal">Hook, Jennifer L.2006. «Care in Context: Men's Unpaid Work in 20 Countries, 1965–2003». <source>American Sociological Review 
        </source>71 (4): 639–660.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0018">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0018" publication-type="other">ICBS (Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics). 2019. <source>«The Druze Population of Israel», 17 de abril de 2019 
        </source>. <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.cbs.gov.il/en/mediarelease/Pages/2019/The-Druze-Population-of-Israel.aspx">https://www.cbs.gov.il/en/mediarelease/Pages/2019/The-Druze-Population-of-Israel.aspx</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0019">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0019" publication-type="book">ICBS (Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics). 2022a. Labor Force Survey 2020, October 2022. Jerusalén: Central Bureau of Statistics.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0020">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0020" publication-type="other">ICBS (Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics). 2022b. <source>«Births and Fertility in Israel, 2020», 21 de febrero de 2022 
        </source>. <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.cbs.gov.il/en/mediarelease/Pages/2022/Births-and-Fertility-in-Israel-2020.aspx">https://www.cbs.gov.il/en/mediarelease/Pages/2022/Births-and-Fertility-in-Israel-2020.aspx</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0021">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0021" publication-type="book">Kabeer, Naila. 1994. Reversed Realities: Gender Hierarchies in Development Thought. Londres: Verso. [Traducido al español por Isabel Vericat. 1998. <italic>Realidades trastocadas. Las jerarquías de género en el pensamiento del desarrollo</italic>. México: Paidós.]</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0022">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0022" publication-type="book">Kabeer, Naila, AshwiniDeshpande y RaguiAssaad. 2019. Women's Access to Market Opportunities in South Asia and the Middle East &amp; North Africa: Barriers, Opportunities and Policy Challenges. Londres: Department of International Development, London School of Economics and Political Science.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0023">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0023" publication-type="book">Kasir, Nitsa (Kaliner), y EranYashiv. 2020. «The Economic Outcomes of an Ethnic Minority: The Role of Barriers», IZA Discussion Paper No. 13120. Bonn: IZA Institute of Labor Economics.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0024">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0024" publication-type="other">Keinan, Tamar, y DoritBar. 2007. <source>«Mobility among Arab Women in Israel» 
        </source>. Haifa: Kayan Feminist Organization.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0025">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0025" publication-type="journal">Khattab, Nabil. 2002. «Ethnicity and Female Labour Market Participation: A New Look at the Palestinian Enclave in Israel». <source>Work, Employment and Society 
        </source>16 (1): 91–110.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0026">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0026" publication-type="journal">Khattab, Nabil, y RonJohnston. 2015. «Ethno-religious Identities and Persisting Penalties in the UK Labor Market». <source>Social Science Journal 
        </source>52 (4): 490–502.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0027">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0027" publication-type="journal">Khattab, Nabil, RonJohnston y DavidManley. 2018. «Human Capital, Family Structure and Religiosity Shaping British Muslim Women's Labour Market Participation». <source>Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 
        </source>44 (9): 1541–1559.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0028">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0028" publication-type="book">Khattab, Nabil, y SamiMiaari (eds.). 2013. Palestinians in the Israeli Labor Market: A Multi-disciplinary Approach. Nueva York: Palgrave Macmillan.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0029">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0029" publication-type="journal">Khattab, Nabil, SamiMiaari, MarwanMohamed-Ali y SarabAbu-Rabia-Queder. 2019. «Muslim Women in the Canadian Labor Market: Between Ethnic Exclusion and Religious Discrimination». <source>Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 
        </source>61 (junio): 52–64.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0030">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0030" publication-type="journal">Khoudja, Yassine, y FenellaFleischmann. 2015. «Ethnic Differences in Female Labour Force Participation in the Netherlands: Adding Gender Role Attitudes and Religiosity to the Explanation». <source>European Sociological Review 
        </source>31 (1): 91–102.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0031">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0031" publication-type="journal">Khoudja, Yassine, y LucindaPlatt. 2018. «Labour Market Entries and Exits of Women from Different Origin Countries in the UK». <source>Social Science Research 
        </source>69 (enero): 1–18.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0032">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0032" publication-type="book">Kraus, Vered, e Yuval P.Yonay. 2018. Facing Barriers: Palestinian Women in a Jewish-Dominated Labor Market. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0033">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0033" publication-type="book">Lewin-Epstein, Noah, y MosheSemyonov. 2019. The Arab Minority in Israel's Economy: Patterns of Ethnic Inequality. Nueva York: Routledge.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0034">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0034" publication-type="journal">Loretto, Wendy, y SarahVickerstaff. 2015. «Gender, Age and Flexible Working in Later Life». <source>Work, Employment and Society 
        </source>29 (2): 233–249.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0035">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0035" publication-type="journal">Maes, Julie, JonasWood y KarelNeels. 2019. «Early Labour Market Trajectories of Intermediate and Second Generation Turkish and Maghreb Women in Belgium». <source>Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 
        </source>61 (junio): 65–78.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0036">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0036" publication-type="other">Malchi, Sharon. 2013. <source>«La importancia del transporte público para la incorporación de las mujeres de la población árabe de Israel al ciclo laboral», Study No 
        </source>. 45, Fellows Program. Koret–Milken Institute [en hebreo]. <ext-link xlink:href="https://milkeninnovationcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/45-HB-F-WEB.pdf">https://milkeninnovationcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/45-HB-F-WEB.pdf</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0037">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0037" publication-type="other">Miaari, Sami. 2012. <source>«Arab Women in the Labour Market: Empirical Implications and Policy Orientation» 
        </source>. Shefa-Amr: Galilee Society.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0038">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0038" publication-type="journal">Miaari, Sami, NabilKhattab y RonJohnston. 2019. «Religion and Ethnicity at Work: A Study of British Muslim Women's Labour Market Performance». <source>Quality &amp; Quantity 
        </source>53 (1): 19–47.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0039">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0039" publication-type="journal">Miaari, Sami, AsafZussman y NoamZussman. 2012. «Ethnic Conflict and Job Separations». <source>Journal of Population Economics 
        </source>25 (2): 419–437.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0040">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0040" publication-type="book">Mincer, Jacob. 1962. «Labor Force Participation of Married Women: A Study of Labor Supply». En Aspects of Labor Economics, editado por Universities-National Bureau Committee for Economic Research, 63–105. Princeton: Princeton University Press.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0041">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0041" publication-type="journal">Moghadam, Valentine M.2004. «Patriarchy in Transition: Women and the Changing Family in the Middle East». <source>Journal of Comparative Family Studies 
        </source>35 (2): 137–162.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0042">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0042" publication-type="other">Mudrazija, Stipica. 2010. <source>«Gender, Race and the Transition to Retirement among the Baby Boomers» 
        </source>. Ponencia presentada en la reunión anual de la Population Association of America, Dallas, 15–17 de abril de 2010.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0043">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0043" publication-type="journal">Osundina, Olawumi Abeni. 2020. «Sustainable Development: Does Improvement in Education and Health of Women Improve Female Labour Force Participation Rate?» <source>Sustainable Development 
        </source>28 (1): 13–24.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0044">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0044" publication-type="other">Pignatti, Norberto. 2020. «Encouraging Women's Labor Force Participation in Transition Countries». <source>IZA World of Labor 
        </source> 2020: Artículo núm. 264v2. <ext-link xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.15185/izawol.264">https://doi.org/10.15185/izawol.264</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0045">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0045" publication-type="journal">Pit, Sabrina W., y VibekeHansen. 2014. «Factors Influencing Early Retirement Intentions in Australian Rural General Practitioners». <source>Occupational Medicine 
        </source>64 (4): 297–304.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0046">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0046" publication-type="journal">Read, Jen'nan Ghazal. 2003. «The Sources of Gender Role Attitudes among Christian and Muslim Arab-American Women». <source>Sociology of Religion 
        </source>64 (2): 207–222.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0047">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0047" publication-type="journal">Read, Jen'nan Ghazal. 2004. «Cultural Influences on Immigrant Women's Labor Force Participation: The Arab-American Case». <source>International Migration Review 
        </source>38 (1): 52–77.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0048">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0048" publication-type="journal">Read, Jen'nan Ghazal, y Philip N.Cohen. 2007. «One Size Fits All? Explaining U.S.-Born and Immigrant Women's Employment across 12 Ethnic Groups». <source>Social Forces 
        </source>85 (4): 1713–1734.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0049">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0049" publication-type="journal">Read, Jen'nan Ghazal, y SharonOselin. 2008. «Gender and the Education–Employment Paradox in Ethnic and Religious Contexts: The Case of Arab Americans». <source>American Sociological Review 
        </source>73 (2): 296–313.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0050">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0050" publication-type="journal">Reimers, Cordelia W.1985. «Cultural Differences in Labor Force Participation among Married Women». <source>American Economic Review 
        </source>75 (2): 251–255.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0051">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0051" publication-type="journal">Reitz, Jeffrey G., Mai B.Phan y RupaBanerjee. 2015. «Gender Equity in Canada's Newly Growing Religious Minorities». <source>Ethnic and Racial Studies 
        </source>38 (5): 681–699.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0052">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0052" publication-type="journal">Sa'ar, Amalya. 2015. «Palestinian Women in the Israeli Workforce and the Idea of Economic Citizenship». <source>Economic Sociology_The European Electronic Newsletter 
        </source>16 (2): 14–20.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0053">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0053" publication-type="journal">Sa'ar, Amalya. 2017. «The Gender Contract under Neoliberalism: Palestinian-Israeli Women's Labor Force Participation». <source>Feminist Economics 
        </source>23 (1): 54–76.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0054">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0054" publication-type="journal">Sabbah-Karkabi, Maha. 2021. «Education, Gender Ideology, and Housework in the Palestinian Family in Israel: Implications of Contradictory Social Change». <source>Journal of Family Issues 
        </source>42 (4): 839–862.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0055">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0055" publication-type="book">Schnell, Izhak, e IlanShdema. 2016. «The Role of Peripheriality and Ethnic Segregation in Arabs' Integration into the Israeli Labor Market». En Socioeconomic Inequality in Israel: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, editado por NabilKhattab, SamiMiaari y HayaStier, 207–224. Nueva York: Palgrave Macmillan.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0056">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0056" publication-type="book">Shalev, Michael, y AmitLazarus. 2013. «The Welfare State as an Employer: An Un acknowledged Avenue of Opportunity for Palestinian Women in Israel». En Palestinians in the Israeli Labor Market: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach, editado por NabilKhattab y SamiMiaari, 153–182. Nueva York: Palgrave Macmillan.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0057">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0057" publication-type="book">Smooha, Sammy. 1992. Arabs and Jews in Israel. Vol. 2, Change and Continuity in Mutual Intolerance. Nueva York: Routledge.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0058">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0058" publication-type="journal">Spierings Niels. 2014. «How Islam Influences Women's Paid Non-Farm Employment: Evidence from 26 Indonesian and 37 Nigerian Provinces». <source>Review of Religious Research 
        </source>56 (3): 399–431.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0059">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0059" publication-type="book">Spierings Niels. 2015. Women's Employment in Muslim Countries: Patterns of Diversity. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0060">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0060" publication-type="journal">Spierings, Niels, JeroenSmits y MiekeVerloo. 2010. «Micro- and Macrolevel Determinants of Women's Employment in Six Arab Countries». <source>Journal of Marriage and Family 
        </source>72 (5): 1391–1407.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0061">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0061" publication-type="journal">Thévenon, Olivier, y AngelaLuci. 2012. «Reconciling Work, Family and Child Outcomes: What Implications for Family Support Policies?» <source>Population Research and Policy Review 
        </source>31 (6): 855–882.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0062">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0062" publication-type="journal">Totouom, Armand, Vincent de PaulMboutchouang y Hervé KaffoFotio. 2018. «The Effects of Education on Labour Force Participation in Cameroon: A Gender Perspective». <source>African Development Review/Revue africaine de développement 
        </source>30 (1): 45–55.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0063">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0063" publication-type="journal">Yashiv, Eran, y Nitsa Kasir (Kaliner). 2013. «Arab Women in the Israeli Labor Market: Characteristics and Policy Proposals». <source>Israel Economic Review 
        </source>10 (2): 1–41.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0064">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0064" publication-type="journal">Yinon, Hayuta, y LilyOrland-Barak. 2017. «Career Stories of Israeli Teachers who Left Teaching: A Salutogenic View of Teacher Attrition». <source>Teachers and Teaching 
        </source>23 (8): 914–927.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0065">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0065" publication-type="journal">Yonay, Yuval P., y VeredKraus. 2017. «The Role of the State and the Pliability of Tradition: Israeli Palestinian and Middle-Eastern Jewish Women in the Labor Force». <source>Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 
        </source>50 (agosto): 29–39.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
         <ref id="ilrs12296-bib-0066">
            <mixed-citation id="ilrs12296-cit-0066" publication-type="journal">Yonay, Yuval P., MeirYaish y VeredKraus. 2015. «Religious Heterogeneity and Cultural Diffusion: The Impact of Christian Neighbors on Muslim and Druze Women's Participation in the Labor Force in Israel». <source>Sociology 
        </source>49 (4): 660–678.</mixed-citation>
         </ref>
      </ref-list>
   </back>
</article>
